Riding and the equestrian arts comprise the techniques used to control a horse in its direction, gait, and speed; the knowledge of equine equipment (known as tack) and how it functions; and the ability to train and groom a horse. Riding styles, as well as apparel and tack, were developed out of specific historical requirements that were then modified to suit contemporary sporting needs.

Riders communicate to their horses with aids or cues. Leg, hand (using reins), body weight, and voice are the natural aids, while whip and spurs are artificial aids. After learning to mount, dismount, and attain proper body position, the novice rider must learn to coordinate the aids, an important step in becoming proficient. To make the transition from the halt to the walk, for example, the rider squeezes his or her lower legs against the horse's sides at the girth to generate forward impetus while simultaneously relaxing the hands to allow the horse to begin moving.

Various styles of riding require different techniques on the part of the rider, as well as specialized tack and apparel. Basic to each style is the "seat", or rider's position in the saddle. English-style riding is characterized by relatively light- weight, flat saddles. Posting to the trot, a continuous up-and-down body movement, is common to this style.

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